Introduction to Building Planning and Drawing
What Is Building Planning?
Building Planning is the organization of various components or units of a building in a systematic mode then as to course a meaningful and homogeneous structure to meet its functional purpose.
The arrangement of the various rooms in the building is known as Planning of Building .
Building planning is a graphical representation of what a building volition look similar after construction. Information technology is used past builders and contractors to construct buildings of all kinds. Building planning is also useful when it is essential to estimate how much a project volition toll and for preparing project budgets edifice planning is also useful.
The basic objective of planning the building is to suit all the units of the building on all floors at a given level co-ordinate to their functional requirements. By doing this, one tin can brand the best utilize of space available for building.
In edifice planning, privacy can be obtained by judicious planning of the building with respect to grouping, the position of doors and windows, fashion of the hanging of doors, location of entrance and pathways, drives, etc. sometimes, provision of lobbies, corridors, screens, etc.
Read More: The Standard Room Size & Location In Residential Building
Factors Affecting to Building Planning
Followings are the factors affecting the planning of the building,
- Function of edifice due east.g. residential, industrial, public, commercial etc.
- Shape and size of the plot
- Topography
- Climatic condition
- Building past-Laws etc.
Principles of Building Planning
These principles are not as rigid as laws of nature, certain deviations from these principles are necessary and inadequacies in them are to be met with by an individual.
Basic principles of building planning
- Attribute
- Prospect
- Furniture Requirements
- Roominess
- Grouping
- Circulation
- Sanitation
- Elegance
- Privacy
- Flexibility
- Economy
- Practical Consideration
i. Aspect
Aspect is the positioning of rooms in buildings with respect to 4 directions in such a style that the occupants of buildings would bask the natural comforts like sunshine, breeze, scenery, etc. to the maximum possible extent.
A room receiving light and air from any particular direction is said to have the attribute of that direction. All the rooms of a abode demand a detail attribute. Some necessary aspects of commonly constructed rooms are listed beneath:
- Living Room: It should have a southern or due south-east attribute. The sun is towards the south during winter and north during summertime which will provide sunshine during winter and cooler during summertime.
- Sleeping room: It should have a west or south-westward attribute, as the breeze required particularly in summer would prevail from this side.
- Kitchen: Information technology should have an eastern attribute so every bit to admit morning time sunday refresh and purify the air.
- Gallery or Verandah: It should be north or north-east aspect.
- Classroom, Reading Room: Information technology should be laid with the due north attribute as light received from the north will be diffused and evenly distributed.
2. Prospect
Prospect in building planning is the view desired past the occupants of the building from certain of the firm. Prospect is dictated by surrounding peculiarities good or bad of the selected site similar a bloom garden or garbage dumps, It demands the disposition of doors and windows-like aspect. Nonetheless, a good layout should not exist disturbed for the sake of good prospects but.
Certain projecting windows or a blind face of the bay with window openings at sides would help for concealment of within views of a building.
Read More than: Principles of Edifice Planning
three. Furniture Requirements
Furniture is a functional requirement of a room. A living room, drawing room, kitchen, classroom, office room, laboratory, hospital room, etc. all accept their own furniture requirements.
A room should have plenty space to accommodate all the furniture required for the maximum number of people without overcrowding.
4. Roominess
Roominess is obtained by getting the maximum benefit from the minimum dimension of a room without cramping the plan. By using every nook and corner of the building reward roominess is derived.
In residential buildings, considerable storage space is required for various purposes which are provided past making space for wall cupboards, lofts, wooden shelves, etc.
A rectangular room is more useful than a foursquare room in the same area. The length and breadth ratio of a good room should be between 1.ii to 1.5. A ratio more than than that creates a bad effect. A small room should not be made unnecessary also high.
Read More: What Are Building Planning | Factors Affecting Planning of Building
5. Grouping
Group in building planning ways setting different rooms of a building co-ordinate to their inter-relationship of invitation and transition. The rooms bundled in the layout in a proper correlation of their functions and in due proximity with each other.
Grouping In Residential Edifice Plan
- The dining room should be close to the kitchen.
- The kitchen should exist kept away from the main living room.
- Primary bedrooms should have independent and carve up access from each room towards the sanitary units.
- In an office building, hospitals, etc. the administrative department should be located centrally for convenience and economy of services.
6. Circulation
Access or internal connexion between rooms on the same floor or between floors is known a circulation. Circulation between rooms of the same floor is chosen horizontal apportionment like- passages, corridors, halls, etc. Circulation betwixt various floors is known equally vertical circulation, like- stairs, lifts, etc.
Horizontal Apportionment should exist independent, short, and direct not invade the property of any room. All the passages should exist well ventilated and lighted.
Stairs should also be well lighted and ventilated and properly planned in regard to width, rising, and tread. Stairs should not have winder steps.
7. Sanitation
Sanitation of building non only associated with urinals, bath-rooms, wash-basins, sinks simply also the overall lighting and ventilation. All the parts of a building should have well lighting and ventilation to maintain practiced hygienic conditions. This could exist washed in a natural way or in an artificial way (air condition).
Necessary provision to facilitate the cleaning of the building exist installed. Washing closets, lavatories, urinals, bathrooms like sanitary conveniences should exist installed adequate in number in relation to the occupant load.
eight. Elegance
Elegance is the overall event produced past peak and general layout of the program of a edifice. To get practiced elegance of a building it is improve if summit is developed outset and so the plan is adapted accordingly.
Option of site or open up plot for the structure of edifice profoundly affects the elegance. Building located in depression will requite bad elegance whereas building on an elevated spot gives an impressive appearance. Buildings located on backward sloping upwardly basis give practiced elevation & elegance.
Read More than: Edifice Dimensions Standard | Dimensions Edifice | Building Size
9. Privacy
Privacy is an important part of building planning. Privacy may be from ane role to another of the same building or could be from neighboring buildings, streets, etc.
In residential buildings, every room should have certain privacy which can exist secured advisedly planning the entrance, path-means, and drives.
Proper grouping of rooms, proficient positioning of doors and windows, lobbies, or screens can requite required internal privacy. Toilet rooms, bedrooms, w.c. and urinals should have absolute privacy.
10. Flexibility
Flexibility ways planning the rooms in such a way that though originally designed for a specific purpose, may be used for other purposes likewise when desired.
For designing houses for middle-form families or other buildings where the economic system is the primary consideration flexibility should ever be considered.
If large infinite is needed in a sure time a firm to accommodate the gathering. Information technology can be obtained by removing a removable segmentation wall or pall between the room and the dining room. Alternatively, an open yard, garden, or verandah can also be provided.
11. Economy
The economic system is a major factor in building planning. To fit the proposed scheme within the limitations of the resource and funds certain alterations and omissions in the original plan accept to make. But while considering the economy, the required strength and durability of the construction should not be compromised.
Some simple economy achieving approaches in buildings are,
- Simple elevation, dispensing of porches, lobbies, etc.
- Steeper rising to the stair, wider steps in the stair.
- Reducing the story top to a bare minimum.
- Standardization of sizes of various components and materials.
12. Practical Consideration
Besides all the Principles of planning discussed, the following practical points should exist additionally considered,
- The strength, stability, convenience, and condolement of the occupants of the building, should be considered first.
- Provisions for future extensions without dismantling should be made in the planning.
- The edifice should exist strong and capable to withstand the likely agin effects of natural agencies (earthquake, flood, storm, etc.)
- Elevation should be simple yet bonny. Also many porches may give skilful elevation for some fourth dimension, but in the end, simple designs fit improve for generations.
- The larger size of the room should always be considered as far as possible as information technology can be shortened past providing partitions merely smaller rooms cannot exist enlarged easily.
Read More: 18+ Features To Consider When Building A New Home 2021
Essential Elements of Planning of Residential Edifice
The followings are the required elementsouth for the planning of the residential building,
ane. Integrated Design
Landscape and architectural designs should be integrated with all project design disciplines in lodge to enhance the edifice performance and aesthetics. Enhancing performance and functional objectives that touch edifice orientation, massing, space adjacencies, material selections and assemblies.
2. Performance Measures and Functional Objectives
Planning shall ensure that the design supports quality-based performance measures for customer satisfaction, energy consumption, and reduced functioning and maintenance. Information technology should also identify all expectations and institute culling features that back up attainment.
iii. Ecology Sensitivity
The natural setting of the site, its contour lines, and vegetation shall be viewed as avails to exist preserved in the design as much every bit possible. In settings including celebrated buildings and other infrastructure, bordering historic properties, or nearly located historic properties that volition not be affected by construction.
4. Urban Context
Pattern facilities and orientation must be consistent with existing and planned development patterns and nearby uses. The exterior of the edifice should be consequent with existing local blueprint guidelines as per standards. Where appropriate, the project team should assist to develop design guidelines for the projection and neighboring undeveloped sites
Watch Video: 12 Principles of Edifice Planning
FAQs
Principles of planning in civil engineering?
Post-obit are the basic principles of building planning,
1. Aspect
two. Prospect
3. Furniture Requirements
4. Roominess
v. Grouping
half dozen. Circulation
7. Sanitation
viii. Elegance
9. Privacy
ten. Flexibility
11. Economy
12.Practical Consideration
Building Planning
Planning of buildings involves certain bones principles of edifice planning and building bye-laws which are used to provide guidance in the planning of dwelling units for architectural hygiene in edifice construction.
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